عفر

• The Eurasian wild pig cannot distinguish colors and cannot see a human at a distance of 15 meters. During cold winters, it is more often attacked by wolves.
• Eurasian wild pigs eat only ripe fruits that have fallen from trees. From fallen fruits, they select the ripest ones.
• The Eurasian wild pig can reach a speed of 40 km/h. Running away from it is useless, as it is fast enough itself.
• Eurasian wild pigs do not squeal when injured, unlike domestic pigs. Females and piglets may occasionally squeal when injured.
• Eurasian wild pigs loosen soil and contribute to the renewal of tree species. In the mid-1980s, about 50 thousand Eurasian wild pigs were hunted annually in the USSR.
• Eurasian wild pigs recognize relatives by smell and voice even after years. Eurasian wild pig females recognize their daughter piglets by smell even a year after they leave the herd, and daughters recognize their mother by voice and smell even two years after leaving the herd.
• Male Eurasian wild pigs that have reached the age of five to seven years are called boars due to their highly developed tusks, which they can use to strike and beat enemies. In adult males, tusks are especially large, and they are called boars even at this age.
• More than 85 % of young Eurasian wild pigs that wintered with their mother leave their birthplace and move to new territories. Young Eurasian wild pigs leave the herd due to increasing antagonism with pregnant females and females with piglets.
• Eurasian wild pigs are resistant to snake venom due to a mutation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Only three groups of mammals — aardvarks, true hedgehogs, and mongooses — have such protection.
• Eurasian wild pigs show pronounced sexual dimorphism — males are larger than females. Males measure 148–227 cm in body length, while females measure 127–173 cm.
• Eurasian wild pigs differ from domestic pigs by having a shorter and stockier body, thicker and taller legs, and a long, slender head with sharp, upright ears. Old domestic pig breeds resembled wild pigs, including short bodies and tall legs.
• Old boars develop a 4 cm wide callus on their back and shoulders, acting as armor. The callus protects their sides from the tusks of other males during fights for females.
• Male Eurasian wild pigs have lower tusks measuring 59–123 mm, while females have 26–38 mm. Male tusks can reach up to 250 mm in length.
• Eurasian wild pigs live at altitudes up to 3600–4000 m in the Tien Shan, higher than in the Caucasus, where they reach 3000 m. In the Tien Shan, they ascend to 3600–4000 m, while in the Pyrenees — to 2400 m.
• Eurasian wild pigs are territorial and social animals forming herds with matriarchal hierarchy. The herd is based on maternal kinship, with members connected by mother-child and brother-sister relationships.
• Eurasian wild pigs may have curled tails, like domestic pigs. Usually, the tail is straight, but the curled form occurs as frequently as in domestic pigs.