Ban-ei (日本輓系種) — a specialized heavy draft breeding line of the domestic horse, developed exclusively for Japanese Ban'ei keiba races with heavy sleds. One of the largest and most powerful horses in the world. Height at withers 168–188 cm (stallions 175–182 cm, mares 165–175 cm), weight 850–1200 kg (stallions 950–1100 kg, mares 800–950 kg). Build massive, coarse, very broad and deep, compact format (height to body length ratio ≈ 1:1.05–1.10). Head large, broad, with a straight or slightly convex profile, massive square muzzle. Neck very short, extremely thick and muscular (girth 110–130 cm in stallions), low-set. Body extremely deep and wide (chest girth 220–260 cm). Back short, broad, straight or with a slight dip. Croup massive, broad, often sloping. Limbs very thick with massive bone structure (pastern girth 28–34 cm), short strong pasterns, large hooves (diameter 16–19 cm). Coat coarse, dense, with thick undercoat. Coat color predominantly solid: black, dark bay, bay, chestnut; dun, buckskin, roan allowed. Differs from European draft horses by shorter thick neck, compact body, extremely massive limb bones and coarser head. Massiveness index > 1.45. Not allowed: pastern girth < 27 cm, long neck, high-leggedness, weak back, narrow chest.