European robins typically live from one to three years, although the maximum recorded lifespan is twelve years and the theoretical lifespan extends from fourteen years and two months to twenty years and two months. The species reaches sexual maturity between nine months and one week and one year and three months. During the "Embryo" stage, the embryo develops inside an egg, receiving nourishment from the yolk and remaining still. The "Nestling" stage follows, where the young bird remains in the nest and is fed insects by its parents, growing rapidly and developing feathers; this stage lasts from one week and six days to two weeks and two days. Subsequently, the species enters the "Rapid Growth Post-Fledging" stage, a young bird that has left the nest and learns to fly and forage independently, lacking the characteristic red breast. This period lasts from one to nine months. The "Adult" stage begins after this, lasting from ten months to six years and ten months, during which the adult bird can reproduce, sings songs, defends its territory, and lives alone or in pairs.