• It makes some of the longest migrations among terrestrial mammals — up to several thousand kilometres.

Caribou or reindeer inhabits landscapes including terrestrial areas, high mountains and tundra, forested land, and alpine tundra; the species occupies taiga with cold winters and many coniferous trees such as spruce and pine, temperate coniferous forests with many coniferous trees and snow in winter, flooded meadows where water frequently covers the ground and there is abundant grass, mountain meadows that are high in the mountains and cold with much grass and shrubs, and tundra characterized by very cold temperatures, a short summer, almost no trees, and abundant moss. The climate varies, being cold and nearly dry for most of the year, with cool summers averaging 15 to 20 degrees Celsius, consistently very wet with frequent rain and high humidity, polar tundra with very cold temperatures and a short summer, and extremely cold conditions with much snow and ice; caribous are found at elevations up to 2 kilometers.