郊狼

The American jackal can make jumps of 2–4 m and run at a speed of 40–50 km/h, reaching up to 65 km/h over short distances. On average, it travels 4 km during a night of hunting.
The American jackal has the most developed senses among canids; it sees equally well up to 200 m both day and night. This allows it to hunt effectively in the dark, covering long distances.
The American jackal is the most vocal among North American mammals, and its loud howl is a defining feature of the prairies. This howl reaches particularly high levels in open prairie spaces.
American jackals attack humans, and several such cases have been recorded recently. Only two fatal attacks by American jackals on humans have been documented in history.
American jackals often attack unattended domestic animals and can kill them. In the USA, about 60 % of sheep killed by predators are victims of American jackals.
It can interbreed with wolves and dogs.
The coyote is a highly adaptable predator of North America.
The coyote hunts rodents and hares.
Coyotes are crepuscular.
It has expanded its range thanks to humans.

年龄

The typical lifespan of a coyote is from 12 to 15 years, although some individuals may live up to 21 years, with a theoretical lifespan ranging from 10 years and 11 months to 21 years and 10 months. The age at which the species reaches sexual maturity ranges from 7 months and 3 weeks to 1 year and 1 month. A coyote pup’s eyes open between 1 week and 3 days and 2 weeks and 2 days of age, and it begins to walk between 2 weeks and 4 days and 4 weeks. During the embryonic stage, the fetus develops inside the mother, receiving nourishment through the placenta and growing rapidly. The young are born blind and toothless, living in a den, drinking their mother’s milk, and gaining weight quickly during the pup stage. An adult coyote hunts, may live in pairs or small groups, and produces offspring, with this adult stage lasting from 1 to 20 years.

表型

The embryo is connected to the mother and receives nourishment and oxygen through the placenta. Young American jackals have soft, short, gray-brown fur. Their eyes open approximately ten to fourteen days, assisting them in locating their mother, and milk teeth emerge after the third week. The species has dense fur with an undercoat, and the color helps it conceal itself in grass and bushes; the fur becomes thicker in winter. Large, erect ears enable the animal to hear sounds from a great distance. Long, strong legs allow for fast running and jumping. The sharp sense of smell aids in finding prey and carrion. A bushy tail assists with balance and transmits signals to other coyotes. Adult American jackals possess strong teeth and fangs for seizing and tearing food.

生理学

The American jackal’s body height ranges from 38 to 50 centimeters, and its body length varies from 0.95 to 1.35 meters; the species' mass falls between 10.56 and 13.46 kilograms. During the embryo stage, the body mass is from 1 to 250 grams. The young, in the infant stage, have a body mass of 250 grams to 2.5 kilograms and a body length of 15 to 30 centimeters. Adult coyotes exhibit a body mass ranging from 9 to 20 kilograms and a body length from 1 to 1.35 meters.

栖息地

American jackals inhabit various biomes including temperate grasslands with abundant grass and few trees, taiga with many coniferous trees such as spruce and pine, temperate coniferous forests with snow in winter, flooded meadows where water frequently covers the ground, and deserts with dry shrubs. The species occupies landscapes of land, highlands, tundra, ground forests, and scrub. They are found in areas experiencing hot steppes with very hot, dry summers and abundant grass, extremely dry conditions with infrequent rainfall, summers with almost no rain but more precipitation in winter, very hot summers above 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, and consistently wet conditions with nearly constant rain. The elevation of their habitat reaches up to 3 kilometers.

庇护所

The species inhabits slopes, bushes, or under the roots of trees and uses a burrow as shelter. The burrow is an excavated underground tunnel or chamber utilized for nesting, resting, and protection from the sun. The materials used in the shelter include berries. The purpose of the shelter includes reproduction, rest, and protection from the sun.

地理

The American jackal occupies the Nearctic biogeographical realm and is found in several ecosystems, including the Lower California Desert, the Mojave Desert, the Sonoran Desert, Arizona Mountain Forests, Canadian Aspen Forests and Parkland, and Lowland Forests of the Eastern Great Lakes.

食性

The American jackal is a skilled hunter and gatherer, consuming small animals, carrion, insects, and plant matter depending on the season and availability; its diet includes rodents, rabbits, birds, insects, carrion, fruits, berries, hares, and rabbits, as well as fruits. The species employs active hunting, ambush tactics, and scavenging to obtain food, sometimes using group hunting strategies involving pursuit. Daily food requirements range from 400 grams to 0.9 kilograms. Young American jackals feed on milk. The species preys upon various animals, including grouse, prairie dogs, hares, western gophers, marmots, Transberingian ground squirrels, white-footed hamsters, gray voles, and American rabbits. It is noted that in some cultures the animal is consumed, but it is not considered halal or kosher.

繁殖

Embryonic development is 2 months. Litter size is 4–8. Maturity occurs from 1 to 2 years. Offspring are 4–7. Coyotes live in pairs for many years. The breeding period occurs in winter. The female gives birth to from four to seven pups in a den. Both parents bring food and protect the offspring. The reproductive interval is 1 year. Habitat—they inhabit and develop on land, outside of water bodies. In a terrestrial nest—eggs, eggs or offspring develop in a nest built on the ground or close to it. In a burrow—the nest is hidden in an underground burrow. Both parents—the nest is hidden in an underground burrow, both parents care for it. Viviparity—the pups are born live on land, they do not hatch from eggs or larvae. Usual sexual—homogamy, reproduction always with fertilization, without alternation of generations.