Physiology of the fallow deer

Fallow deer: what is it like

The roe deer is a species characterized by significant variations in size; body height ranges from 17.8 cm to 4.5 m, and body length varies from 1.3 to 1.9 m. The body mass of an adult individual can fluctuate from 37.8 to 52.68 kg, however, in males the mass reaches from 46 to 93 kg, with body length also ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 m. At early stages of development, at the "Embryo" stage, body mass is from 0 to 4 g. Fawn body mass ranges from 3.5 to 12 kg and body length from 40 to 70 cm.

Mass
37795–52682 g
Length
1300–1900 mm
Lifespan
7396–12327 days 20–34 years
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mesopotamian fallow deer
Dama dama
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The European fallow deer is a medium-sized deer with spotted fur in summer and wide shovel-shaped antlers in adult males.
The European fallow deer differs from other deer in the shovel-shaped antlers and white spots on the fur in summer. It is important for nature because it eats plants, helps spread seeds, and serves as food for large predators.
browsing on plants
trophic:herbivore
#f3f1ed
Mass (fawn)
3500–12000 g
Mass (embryo)
435–5850 g
Mass (adult deer, male)
46000–93000 g
Mass (adult deer, female)
35000–56000 g
Length (adult deer, male)
1400–1900 mm
Length (adult deer, female)
1300–1700 mm
Length (fawn)
400–700 mm
Height
178–4500 mm
Maturity
487–1460 days 1–4 years
Lifespan maximum
9862 days 27 years
Theoretical lifespan
3853–7707 days 11–21 years
Gestation
233 days 7 months 3 weeks
Litter size
1–2
Maturity
550–1100 days 2–3 years
Offspring
1–2
Duration (embryo)
225–235 days 8 months
Duration (fawn)
165–201 days 5–7 months
Duration (adult deer)
730–7300 days 2–20 years
Age (from birth to death)
3853–7707 days 11–21 years
Age (embryo)
43.87 days 1 month 2 weeks
Age (juvenile)
573 days 1 year 7 months
Repro interval
365 days 1 year
Legs count (adult deer)
4
Antlers count (adult deer, male)
2
Legs size (adult deer)
800–950 mm
Antlers size (adult deer, male)
500–900 mm
Reproduction
normal sexual
Comparable in mass
Refrigerator
Shelter materials
grass
Shelter materials
berries
Trophic type
herbivore
Feeding
acorns
Feeding
leaves
Feeding
grass
Feeding
young shoots and sprouts
Feeding
nuts
Feeding
shoots
Feeding
berries
Feeding (fawn)
milk
Feeding (after transformation until death)
leaves
Feeding
Plants
Reproduction
caring mother
Reproduction
nest on the ground
Reproduction
in a terrestrial nest
Reproduction
live birth
Reproduction
land
Physiology
Twice a year, the roe deer changes its fur: in spring it becomes reddish with spots, in autumn—gray.
7396.3125
12327.1875
3853.3875
7706.775
1300.0
1900.0
37795.15388913981
52682.02736608797
Twice a year, the roe deer changes its fur: in spring it becomes reddish with spots, in autumn—gray.
-1
-1
Antlers color
homogamy, reproduction always with fertilization, no alternation of generations
Worker
Were {name} like {animal}, then:
birth time
breeding
Dogs, dolphins, lynx hang out for 9-25 years and party on their birthday three times a year
m
Map
will celebrate their {n} birthday
g
t
When your next jubilee falls in {name} life years
Human
Legs count
days
Warm summer
How old you would be if you lived as {name}
Theoretical maximum lifespan estimated from the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) mathematical model. This value reflects a biological potential derived from metabolic parameters, not from direct observation — real recorded lifespans are often significantly shorter.
adult deer
Maturity
Refrigerator
About health
milk
When your next birthday would fall if you lived as {name}
Repro interval
results
summer warm and almost no rain
protection from predators
summer warm, winter not very cold
Colors
Sex
Upcoming jubilees
Gremllins
mo
Trophic type
Filters
Spotted coat color
Palearctic realm
young shoots and sprouts
leaves
grass
Upcoming birthdays
eggs, roe or offspring develop in a nest built on the ground or close to it
Truly long lives: 40-100 years. Bowhead whales, albatrosses, giant tortoises recall their birthday at most once a year
Lifespan
leaf
Height
nest on the ground
rains almost always, very humid
young are born live on land, not hatched from eggs or roe
browsing on plants
Age (juvenile)
Age (from birth to death)
Age (embryo)
most of Europe and Asia, various forests, steppes and tundra
Wanderers
warm temperate
Jubilee = every 10th birthday
berries
More:
Earliest developmental stage inside an egg or womb.
Business sausages
Lifespan average
nest located directly on the ground surface on land, only the mother provides parental care for the offspring
in a terrestrial nest
leaves
live birth
What do they look like?
Maturity
emergence (insects)
end of lifespan
How do they live?
fertilization / egg laying
How do they behave?
birth / hatching
metamorphosis / end of larval stage
end of acceleration
Share
Find a pet...
Mature, fully developed individual capable of reproduction.
Pets
shoots
juicy berries — bilberry, rowan, rosehip
Feeding occurs primarily on land or in vegetation.
Legs size
{name} jubilee
cm
Old-timers
Find an animal or breed...
turns
Rascals
terrestrial forest
terrestrial grassland and steppe
Flooded grasslands
drink mother's milk in childhood
acorns
Litter size
Map data sources: Ecosystem classification — IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (Keith et al., 2022), indicative distribution maps Keith et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3546513; Large Marine Ecosystems — NOAA LME Program; Bathymetry — GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group (2026), GEBCO_2026 Grid, https://doi.org/10.5285/4f68d5c7-45eb-f999-e063-7086abc036fa; Climate data — Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information; Species occurrence data — GBIF.org, Derived dataset "all animals", https://zveriki.com/dataset/dataset.tsv; Terrestrial ecoregions — RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 (Dinerstein et al., 2017), CC BY 4.0
temperate forest
How to care for them?
Living from 25 to 40 years. Orangutans, bald eagles, African elephants celebrate their birthday twice a year
grazing
°C
Not specified
Share
Where are they found?
Species lacks any fixed or lasting shelter structure.
steppe
Antlers count
herbivore
Feeds by cropping or nibbling low-growing vegetation or algae.
Legendary longevity: over 100 years. Galapagos tortoises, Greenland sharks, ocean quahogs celebrate with family once every 4 years
Offspring
Elders
leaves and stems of grasses and other herbaceous vegetation
Bro
normal sexual
Taxons
if born as {name}
Foraging takes place among trees and woody vegetation.
age
birth date
no permanent shelter
Palearctic realm
rest
Close
was
Career from 7 to 15 months. Dwarf hamsters, voles, field crickets celebrate their birthday twice a month
The basics
climbing
My weight?
Non-stop carnival: they only live a few days. Mayflies, rotifers, midges celebrate their birthday more than twice a day
primary food sources
after transformation until death
Potential Habitat
lots of grass, few trees, rains are rare
d
In husbandry
On the go from 1.3 to 3.5 years. Forest mice, anoles, rainbow fish party on their birthday once a month
Mass
young shoots and leaves of plants
cold winter, lots of coniferous trees: spruce, pine
Mosquitoes, fruit flies, small crustaceans hustle for up to 7 months and throw a birthday party every week
terrestrial
Plants
Gestation
land
{name} birthday
Food is gathered directly from leaf surfaces.
grass
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On the map
young shoots, sprouts, green plant shoots
Pleasant summer
all life stages
Female ♀
nest located directly on the ground surface on land
Map data sources: Ecosystem classification — IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (Keith et al., 2022), indicative distribution maps Keith et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3546513; Large Marine Ecosystems — NOAA LME Program; Bathymetry — GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group (2026), GEBCO_2026 Grid, https://doi.org/10.5285/4f68d5c7-45eb-f999-e063-7086abc036fa; Climate data — Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information; Species occurrence data — GBIF.org, Derived dataset "all animals", https://zveriki.com/dataset/dataset.tsv; Terrestrial ecoregions — RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 (Dinerstein et al., 2017), CC BY 4.0 Potential habitat modelled from GBIF occurrence data. Map © Zveriki.com, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
birth year
lots of grass, few trees, rains occur
Shelter used specifically for reproduction or nesting.
Maturity
terrestrial habitat, land surface outside water
sq mm
yr
nuts
comfortable summer, +20…+25 °C
How similar?
Male ♂
until the celebration
fawn
age as {name}
How do they breed?
On the go from 3.5 to 6 years. Hedgehogs, crows, lizards treat themselves to birthday snacks 6 times a year
Legs color
What if eaten?
Neither
Moving up vertical surfaces like trunks or rocks to reach food.
from birth to adulthood
Young offspring still dependent on parental care.
caring mother
What do they eat?
Where do they live?
Immature individual that has not yet reached reproductive maturity.
berries
forests on land — tropical, temperate, boreal
water often floods the land, lots of grass
Temperate mixed forest
Duration
This is me
Warm summer with almost no rain
most of Europe and Asia, various forests, steppes and tundra
Steppe
Always very wet
Gamers
How are they built?
Temperate steppe
mm
Theoretical lifespan
ml
Stars
Link copied
My age?
wk
My size?
terrestrial
Taiga
Antlers size
Asexual
swap
Who among us will transform as if by magic and become like {animal}?
Rabbits, falcons, red-eared turtles hang out for 6-9 years and party on their birthday four times a year
Where do they take shelter?
Denotes a grassland or steppe habitat preference.
Warm summer and lots of rain
inhabit and develop on land, outside water bodies
celebrated their {n} birthday
open grassy spaces — steppes, savannas, prairies
When you would have been born if you lived as {name}
Daddies
Lifespan maximum
47 to 74 kilograms, 1.2 – 2.8 meters
Hermaphrodite ⚥
embryo
Coat color
summer warm, many oaks, birches, maples
Length
kg
lots of rain, warm and pleasant summer
arboreal
Observations
hard nuts — acorns, hazelnuts, pine nuts
◉{N} more on tap
fawn
pupa
imago
adolescent
adolescent
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