Physiology of the yak

Yak: what is it like

Wild yaks stand in height from 1.21 to 1.9 meters and measure in body length from 2.1 to 3.3 meters; their mass ranges from 170.45 kilograms to 0.44 metric tons. The embryonic stage presents with a body mass of from 10 to 25 grams and a body length of from 30 to 60 centimeters. During the newborn stage, the young have a body mass of from 15 to 35 kilograms and a body length of from 80 centimeters to 1.2 meters. The stage of rapid growth results in young yaks with a body mass of from 50 kilograms to 0.25 metric tons and a body length of from 1.2 to 2 meters. Adult yaks possess a body mass of from 0.65 to 1.2 metric tons, and their body length measures from 2.6 to 3.3 meters.

Mass
170449–439766 g
Length
2100–3300 mm
Lifespan
5479–7305 days 15–20 years
26547
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1
wild-yak
en
wild yak
Bos grunniens mutus
252
The wild yak is a large mammal with long, thick fur. It lives on the high plateaus of Central Asia and is perfectly adapted to cold, strong winds, and thin air.
The wild yak is larger and stronger than the domestic yak. Its thick fur and large lungs help it live high in the mountains. It is important for nature because it eats plants and helps maintain alpine meadows.
nipping and tearing off plants with teeth and tongue
trophic:herbivore
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Mass (adult even-toed ungulate, male)
650000–1200000 g
Mass (embryo)
10000–25000 g
Mass (calf)
15000–35000 g
Mass (adolescent)
50000–250000 g
Mass (adult even-toed ungulate, female)
350000–550000 g
Length (adult even-toed ungulate, male)
2600–3300 mm
Length (adult even-toed ungulate, female)
2100–2600 mm
Length (embryo)
300–600 mm
Length (calf)
800–1200 mm
Length (adolescent)
1200–2000 mm
Height
1210–1900 mm
Maturity
554–923 days 2–3 years
Lifespan maximum
9131 days 25 years
Theoretical lifespan
9606–9834 days 26–27 years
Gestation
274 days 9 months 1 week
Litter size
1
Maturity
1095–2190 days 3–6 years
Offspring
1
Duration (adult even-toed ungulate, male)
1460–9125 days 4–25 years
Duration (embryo)
240–280 days 8–9 months
Duration (calf)
218–267 days 7–9 months
Duration (adolescent)
383–638 days 1–2 years
Duration (adult even-toed ungulate, female)
1460–10950 days 4–30 years
Age (embryo)
263 days 8 months 3 weeks
Age (from birth to death)
9606–9834 days 26–27 years
Age (juvenile)
1201 days 3 years 4 months
Repro interval
365–1095 days 1–3 years
Horns count (adolescent)
2
Horns count (adult even-toed ungulate)
2
Hooves count (adult even-toed ungulate)
4
Horns size (adult even-toed ungulate)
300–950 mm
Horns size (adolescent)
50–200 mm
Reproduction
normal sexual
Comparable in mass
Piano
Shelter materials
sedges
Shelter materials
grasses
Shelter materials
mosses
Trophic type
herbivore
Feeding
sedge and reeds
Feeding
grass
Feeding
moss
Feeding
lichens
Feeding (after transformation until death)
leaves
Feeding (calf)
milk
Feeding
Plants
Reproduction
caring mother
Reproduction
nest on the ground
Reproduction
live birth
Reproduction
in a terrestrial nest
Reproduction
land
Physiology
In spring, the yak molts. Part of the thick winter coat falls out so that the animal does not get hot in the summer months.
5478.75
7305.0
9606.0
9834.104268508067
2100.0
3300.0
170449.00628145892
439765.8037706321
In spring, the yak molts. Part of the thick winter coat falls out so that the animal does not get hot in the summer months.
-1
-1
homogamy, reproduction always with fertilization, no alternation of generations
Worker
Were {name} like {animal}, then:
birth time
very cold, short summer, lots of moss
Dogs, dolphins, lynx hang out for 9-25 years and party on their birthday three times a year
m
Map
will celebrate their {n} birthday
g
Polar tundra
t
When your next jubilee falls in {name} life years
Human
days
How old you would be if you lived as {name}
Theoretical maximum lifespan estimated from the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) mathematical model. This value reflects a biological potential derived from metabolic parameters, not from direct observation — real recorded lifespans are often significantly shorter.
adult even-toed ungulate
Maturity
About health
milk
When your next birthday would fall if you lived as {name}
Piano
Repro interval
results
land coast flooded by tides — salt marshes, littoral zone
lichens — a mixture of fungus and algae on rocks and trees
Colors
Sex
Upcoming jubilees
Gremllins
mo
alpine meadows and arctic tundra on land
Trophic type
Filters
Captures or processes food by biting or nipping with the mouth.
Palearctic realm
grass
Upcoming birthdays
Winter with snow
eggs, roe or offspring develop in a nest built on the ground or close to it
Truly long lives: 40-100 years. Bowhead whales, albatrosses, giant tortoises recall their birthday at most once a year
Lifespan
high in the mountains, cold, lots of grass and shrubs
leaf
tongue
Height
nest on the ground
Desert and dry shrubs
young are born live on land, not hatched from eggs or roe
Age (juvenile)
Age (from birth to death)
Age (embryo)
Domestic world
most of Europe and Asia, various forests, steppes and tundra
Wanderers
Hooves count
Jubilee = every 10th birthday
dry, cold winter, lots of grass, few trees
More:
Earliest developmental stage inside an egg or womb.
Business sausages
Lifespan average
nest located directly on the ground surface on land, only the mother provides parental care for the offspring
in a terrestrial nest
leaves
adolescent
grasses
Juvenile stage following larval metamorphosis but not yet adult.
Montane grasslands
live birth
What do they look like?
Maturity
emergence (insects)
end of lifespan
How do they live?
fertilization / egg laying
How do they behave?
birth / hatching
metamorphosis / end of larval stage
end of acceleration
Share
Find a pet...
Mature, fully developed individual capable of reproduction.
300 to 350 kilograms, 1.8 – 2.5 meters
Horns count
very cold, lots of snow and ice
Pets
Indomalayan realm
biting
Feeding occurs primarily on land or in vegetation.
{name} jubilee
live in homes and on farms
cm
Old-timers
Find an animal or breed...
turns
Rascals
terrestrial grassland and steppe
terrestrial intertidal
Horns size
drink mother's milk in childhood
Litter size
mosses, liverworts and other terrestrial bryophytes
Map data sources: Ecosystem classification — IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (Keith et al., 2022), indicative distribution maps Keith et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3546513; Large Marine Ecosystems — NOAA LME Program; Bathymetry — GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group (2026), GEBCO_2026 Grid, https://doi.org/10.5285/4f68d5c7-45eb-f999-e063-7086abc036fa; Climate data — Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information; Species occurrence data — GBIF.org, Derived dataset "all animals", https://zveriki.com/dataset/dataset.tsv; Terrestrial ecoregions — RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 (Dinerstein et al., 2017), CC BY 4.0
How to care for them?
Living from 25 to 40 years. Orangutans, bald eagles, African elephants celebrate their birthday twice a year
grazing
°C
Not specified
Share
alpine and arctic tundra
Where are they found?
Species lacks any fixed or lasting shelter structure.
steppe
herbivore
Feeds by cropping or nibbling low-growing vegetation or algae.
Legendary longevity: over 100 years. Galapagos tortoises, Greenland sharks, ocean quahogs celebrate with family once every 4 years
Offspring
Elders
leaves and stems of grasses and other herbaceous vegetation
Bro
Very cold
normal sexual
Taxons
if born as {name}
Foraging takes place among trees and woody vegetation.
cold, short summer, almost no trees
lichens
age
birth date
no permanent shelter
Palearctic realm
tearing
rest
Fur color
Close
was
Career from 7 to 15 months. Dwarf hamsters, voles, field crickets celebrate their birthday twice a month
The basics
climbing
moss
My weight?
Non-stop carnival: they only live a few days. Mayflies, rotifers, midges celebrate their birthday more than twice a day
primary food sources
teeth
after transformation until death
Potential Habitat
d
In husbandry
On the go from 1.3 to 3.5 years. Forest mice, anoles, rainbow fish party on their birthday once a month
Mass
young shoots and leaves of plants
Mosquitoes, fruit flies, small crustaceans hustle for up to 7 months and throw a birthday party every week
terrestrial
Plants
Gestation
Rips or shreds food using teeth, beak or claws.
land
{name} birthday
Food is gathered directly from leaf surfaces.
Link copied
No results found
On the map
mosses
all life stages
Female ♀
Cold and almost dry
nest located directly on the ground surface on land
Map data sources: Ecosystem classification — IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (Keith et al., 2022), indicative distribution maps Keith et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3546513; Large Marine Ecosystems — NOAA LME Program; Bathymetry — GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group (2026), GEBCO_2026 Grid, https://doi.org/10.5285/4f68d5c7-45eb-f999-e063-7086abc036fa; Climate data — Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information; Species occurrence data — GBIF.org, Derived dataset "all animals", https://zveriki.com/dataset/dataset.tsv; Terrestrial ecoregions — RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 (Dinerstein et al., 2017), CC BY 4.0 Potential habitat modelled from GBIF occurrence data. Map © Zveriki.com, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
sedges
birth year
lots of grass, few trees, rains occur
Maturity
terrestrial habitat, land surface outside water
sq mm
yr
How similar?
live in homes and on farms
nipping and tearing off plants with teeth and tongue
protection from wind
Male ♂
until the celebration
calf
Tundra
age as {name}
How do they breed?
On the go from 3.5 to 6 years. Hedgehogs, crows, lizards treat themselves to birthday snacks 6 times a year
What if eaten?
Neither
Moving up vertical surfaces like trunks or rocks to reach food.
Young offspring still dependent on parental care.
caring mother
What do they eat?
dry and cold almost all year round
Where do they live?
much snow in winter, cold
Hard dental structures used to bite, tear, or scrape food.
Duration
This is me
most of Europe and Asia, various forests, steppes and tundra
Gamers
How are they built?
Temperate steppe
mm
Theoretical lifespan
ml
Stars
Link copied
My age?
wk
My size?
sedge, reed and other coastal herbaceous plants
terrestrial
Asexual
swap
Southeast Asia and islands, always hot and humid
Who among us will transform as if by magic and become like {animal}?
Rabbits, falcons, red-eared turtles hang out for 6-9 years and party on their birthday four times a year
Where do they take shelter?
Denotes a grassland or steppe habitat preference.
inhabit and develop on land, outside water bodies
sedge and reeds
celebrated their {n} birthday
open grassy spaces — steppes, savannas, prairies
When you would have been born if you lived as {name}
Cold steppe
Daddies
Lifespan maximum
Domestic world
Hermaphrodite ⚥
Uses the tongue to locate, manipulate, or ingest food items.
embryo
Length
kg
very hot and dry, rare rains, cacti live
arboreal
Observations
◉{N} more on tap
calf
pupa
imago
adolescent
wild-yak
yak
yak
qtas-bry
yak
yak
yaku
iak-i
yak
yakeu
topoz
jak
wild-yak
qo-tos
ye-mao-niu