• The Bactrian camel sweats only when body temperature reaches +41 °C, which happens when further increase becomes life-threatening. At night, its temperature can drop to +34 °C.
• The red blood cells of the Bactrian camel are oval, so the blood maintains normal fluidity even when highly concentrated. The narrow shape allows them to pass freely through capillaries.
• The hairs of the Bactrian camel are hollow inside, which reduces the thermal conductivity of the fur coat. Thin underfur hairs surround each hair, retaining a lot of air.
• The Bactrian camel's fur is much longer and denser than that of the dromedary — this is one of the main features necessary for survival in severe frosts. Air temperatures in its natural habitat can drop even below −40°C.
• The Bactrian camel can survive losing up to 40% of its body water, which is twice the limit for other warm-blooded animals. The camel's kidneys can absorb a significant portion of water from urine and return it to the body.
• Lactation in the Bactrian camel lasts about one and a half years, but milk feeding occurs only during six months. The left horn of the uterus in females is usually 8–14 cm shorter than the right — this complicates pregnancy diagnosis.
• The Bactrian camel's fur has a thickness of 20–23 microns. In desert areas of the USA, camels have thicker fur and underfur — from 6 to 120 microns, with an average of 18–19 microns.
• The Bactrian camel visibly loses weight when severely dehydrated, but regains its normal appearance almost immediately upon access to water. Recovery happens quickly, without a prolonged recovery period.
• The Bactrian camel can carry a load of 250–300 kg, which is almost half its own body weight. On long journeys, it travels 30–40 km per day, and over 100 km under a rider.
• The humps of a Bactrian camel may fall sideways and sway while walking if the animal is emaciated. In a well-fed camel, they stand straight and upright.
• Red blood cells of the Bactrian camel increase in volume up to 2.5 times, storing liquid. This ability helps them survive in conditions of intense heat and lack of water.
• The Bactrian camel does not have hooves — each part of the split foot ends with a claw-like structure. The feet rest on a calloused pad.
• The Bactrian camel has fleshy and tough lips adapted to tearing thorny vegetation. Its upper lip is split, as in all camels.
• Camels can close their nostrils, have a double row of eyelashes and bushy eyebrows for protection against sand.

Bactrian camels measure in height from 1.33 to 1.95 meters, and in body length from 1.7 to 2.3 meters; their mass is 0.34 metric tons. The young, in the ‘Infant’ stage, weigh from 35 to 45 kilograms and measure in body length from 80 centimeters to 1.2 meters. Adult Bactrian camels have a body mass ranging from 0.6 to 1 metric ton and a body length from 1.8 to 2.3 meters.